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loading buffer  (Bio-Rad)


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    Structured Review

    Bio-Rad loading buffer
    Loading Buffer, supplied by Bio-Rad, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 11717 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/4x+loading+buffer/4x+Laemmli+Sample+Buffer/pmc13584615-98-4-6
    Average 99 stars, based on 11717 article reviews
    loading buffer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    99/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Staining:

    Article Title: A comprehensive analysis of supermere, exomere, and extracellular vesicle isolation and cargo in colorectal cancer
    Article Snippet: .. Protein quantifications of EV and NVEP samples were done using a Direct Detect system or by SDS-PAGE/SYPRO Ruby protein staining densitometry analysis, following a previously described protocol., Then, 4X loading buffer (Bio-Rad, 1610747) or 2x SDS-PAGE sample buffer (4x SDS sample buffer: 0.2M Tris, pH 6.8, 8% SDS, 40% glycerol, 0.16M DTT and 0.29 M bromophenol blue in water) was added to samples, which were then heated at 100 °C for 5 min and separated on 9% SDS–PAGE bis–Tris gels (Life Technologies) or 10% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels (Bio-Rad, 4561033), depending on the primary antibody used, before being transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Protan, 10600001) overnight at 4 °C. .. Membranes were stained with Ponceau S solution (Sigma, P7170) before blocking.

    Article Title: A comprehensive analysis of supermere, exomere, and extracellular vesicle isolation and cargo in colorectal cancer.
    Article Snippet: .. 87,88 Then, 4X loading buffer (Bio-Rad, 1610747) or 2x SDS-PAGE sample buffer (4x SDS sample buffer: 0.2M Tris, pH 6.8, 8% SDS, 40% glycerol, 0.16M DTT and 0.29 M bromophenol blue in water) was added to samples, which were then heated at 100 ◦ C for 5 min and separated on 9% SDS–PAGE bis–Tris gels (Life Technologies) or 10% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels (Bio-Rad, 4561033), depending on the primary antibody used, before being transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Protan, 10600001) overnight at 4 ◦ C. Membranes were stained with Ponceau S solution (Sigma, P7170) before blocking. .. The membranes were blocked at RT for 3 h in Odyssey TBS blocking buffer (LI-COR, 927–60001) or 1 h in 10% 5% non-fat dry milk TBS-T with 0.1% Tween 20, depending on the primary antibody used.

    SDS Page:

    Article Title: A comprehensive analysis of supermere, exomere, and extracellular vesicle isolation and cargo in colorectal cancer
    Article Snippet: .. Protein quantifications of EV and NVEP samples were done using a Direct Detect system or by SDS-PAGE/SYPRO Ruby protein staining densitometry analysis, following a previously described protocol., Then, 4X loading buffer (Bio-Rad, 1610747) or 2x SDS-PAGE sample buffer (4x SDS sample buffer: 0.2M Tris, pH 6.8, 8% SDS, 40% glycerol, 0.16M DTT and 0.29 M bromophenol blue in water) was added to samples, which were then heated at 100 °C for 5 min and separated on 9% SDS–PAGE bis–Tris gels (Life Technologies) or 10% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels (Bio-Rad, 4561033), depending on the primary antibody used, before being transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Protan, 10600001) overnight at 4 °C. .. Membranes were stained with Ponceau S solution (Sigma, P7170) before blocking.

    Article Title: A comprehensive analysis of supermere, exomere, and extracellular vesicle isolation and cargo in colorectal cancer.
    Article Snippet: .. 87,88 Then, 4X loading buffer (Bio-Rad, 1610747) or 2x SDS-PAGE sample buffer (4x SDS sample buffer: 0.2M Tris, pH 6.8, 8% SDS, 40% glycerol, 0.16M DTT and 0.29 M bromophenol blue in water) was added to samples, which were then heated at 100 ◦ C for 5 min and separated on 9% SDS–PAGE bis–Tris gels (Life Technologies) or 10% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels (Bio-Rad, 4561033), depending on the primary antibody used, before being transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Protan, 10600001) overnight at 4 ◦ C. Membranes were stained with Ponceau S solution (Sigma, P7170) before blocking. .. The membranes were blocked at RT for 3 h in Odyssey TBS blocking buffer (LI-COR, 927–60001) or 1 h in 10% 5% non-fat dry milk TBS-T with 0.1% Tween 20, depending on the primary antibody used.

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: A comprehensive analysis of supermere, exomere, and extracellular vesicle isolation and cargo in colorectal cancer.
    Article Snippet: .. 87,88 Then, 4X loading buffer (Bio-Rad, 1610747) or 2x SDS-PAGE sample buffer (4x SDS sample buffer: 0.2M Tris, pH 6.8, 8% SDS, 40% glycerol, 0.16M DTT and 0.29 M bromophenol blue in water) was added to samples, which were then heated at 100 ◦ C for 5 min and separated on 9% SDS–PAGE bis–Tris gels (Life Technologies) or 10% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels (Bio-Rad, 4561033), depending on the primary antibody used, before being transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Protan, 10600001) overnight at 4 ◦ C. Membranes were stained with Ponceau S solution (Sigma, P7170) before blocking. .. The membranes were blocked at RT for 3 h in Odyssey TBS blocking buffer (LI-COR, 927–60001) or 1 h in 10% 5% non-fat dry milk TBS-T with 0.1% Tween 20, depending on the primary antibody used.

    Control:

    Article Title: Identity of protease-based biomarkers for viability and cytotoxicity revealed by CRISPR knockouts.
    Article Snippet: A wide variety of assay chemistries are routinely employed to determine cell health within an in vitro test population.. Each method relies on the consistent and robust measurement of specific biological surrogates for cell viability or cytotoxicity.. Unfortunately, the precise cellular origin or identity of many of these biomarkers remain poorly characterized or unknown, and thus subject to a host of undetermined biological and chemical interferences.



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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    lds loading buffer  (Thermo Fisher)
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    western blot analysis lds loading buffer  (Thermo Fisher)
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    Image Search Results


    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b , SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Mechanism of K63-linked polyubiquitin recognition and cleavage by the BRCA1-A complex

    doi: 10.64898/2026.06.05.730395

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b , SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.

    Article Snippet: Reactions were stopped with the addition of 3 μL 4x SDS-PAGE loading dye [240 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 40% (v/v) glycerol, 8% (w/v) SDS, 0.04% (w/v) bromophenol blue, and 5% (v/v) β-Mercaptoethanol], and products were separated on 4-12% or 12% Nu-PAGE Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Construct, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Variant Assay, SDS Page, Incubation, Activity Assay, Silver Staining, Fluorescence, Staining, Molecular Weight

    a , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or the indicated ARISC variants (5 nM) for 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. b, SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC(E33A)–RAP80, ARISC(E33A) BRCC36(S98K) –RAP80, ARISC(E33A) Abraxas1(Δ42-55) –RAP80, and ARISC(E33A) BRCC45(ΔLoop) –RAP80. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. c, Spectral shift assays measuring binding of labelled ARISC(E33A)–RAP80 or the indicated mutant complexes (40 nM) to cyclical K63-Ub6 chains (20 µM-0 µM). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments carried out in technical duplicates. Dissociation constants (K d ) are indicated; CI, confidence interval. d, Representative images of WT or mutants BRCC36 IRIF in HT-29 cells 4 h post irradiation (10 Gy). Scale bar is 10 µm. e, Western blots showing BRCC36 protein levels in HT-29 cells reconstituted with WT or mutants BRCC36 as indicated (l eft ). Scatter plot showing quantification of the BRCC36 IRIF described in d . Data represent mean ± SEM derived from n ≥ 300 nuclei examined over two independent experiments; p values are indicated, unpaired two-tailed t test ( right ). f, K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or ARISC Δ42-55 (Abraxas1 Δ42-55) (5 nM) for up to 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed as in a . Data are representative of two independent experiments. DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme; WT, wild type; Ub, ubiquitin.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Mechanism of K63-linked polyubiquitin recognition and cleavage by the BRCA1-A complex

    doi: 10.64898/2026.06.05.730395

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or the indicated ARISC variants (5 nM) for 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. b, SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC(E33A)–RAP80, ARISC(E33A) BRCC36(S98K) –RAP80, ARISC(E33A) Abraxas1(Δ42-55) –RAP80, and ARISC(E33A) BRCC45(ΔLoop) –RAP80. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. c, Spectral shift assays measuring binding of labelled ARISC(E33A)–RAP80 or the indicated mutant complexes (40 nM) to cyclical K63-Ub6 chains (20 µM-0 µM). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments carried out in technical duplicates. Dissociation constants (K d ) are indicated; CI, confidence interval. d, Representative images of WT or mutants BRCC36 IRIF in HT-29 cells 4 h post irradiation (10 Gy). Scale bar is 10 µm. e, Western blots showing BRCC36 protein levels in HT-29 cells reconstituted with WT or mutants BRCC36 as indicated (l eft ). Scatter plot showing quantification of the BRCC36 IRIF described in d . Data represent mean ± SEM derived from n ≥ 300 nuclei examined over two independent experiments; p values are indicated, unpaired two-tailed t test ( right ). f, K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or ARISC Δ42-55 (Abraxas1 Δ42-55) (5 nM) for up to 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed as in a . Data are representative of two independent experiments. DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme; WT, wild type; Ub, ubiquitin.

    Article Snippet: Reactions were stopped with the addition of 3 μL 4x SDS-PAGE loading dye [240 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 40% (v/v) glycerol, 8% (w/v) SDS, 0.04% (w/v) bromophenol blue, and 5% (v/v) β-Mercaptoethanol], and products were separated on 4-12% or 12% Nu-PAGE Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Incubation, Activity Assay, SDS Page, Silver Staining, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Irradiation, Western Blot, Derivative Assay, Two Tailed Test, Ubiquitin Proteomics